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Translation, Editing/proofreading, Transcription
Expertise
Specializes in:
Medical: Health Care
Medical (general)
Medical: Dentistry
Medical: Instruments
Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Cooking / Culinary
Cosmetics, Beauty
Law (general)
Names (personal, company)
Also works in:
Business/Commerce (general)
Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Cinema, Film, TV, Drama
Insurance
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Rates
Spanish to English - Standard rate: 0.10 USD per word / 25 USD per hour
Portfolio
Sample translations submitted: 1
Spanish to English: Brote epidémico de bacteriemias por
Source text - Spanish NEFROLOGÍA. Vol. XXIII. Número 4. 2003
333
Brote epidémico de bacteriemias por
bacilos gram-negativos (BGN),
especialmente enterobacter cloacae,
en una
unidad de hemodiálisis, en pacientes
portadores de catéteres permanentes
tunelizados
A. Rodríguez Jornet1, M. García García1, D. Mariscal2, D. Fontanals2, P. Cortés3, P. Coll4,
J. Falcó5,
N. Ramírez1, S. Mayor1, N. Mañé1, X. Miret1 y E. Yuste1
1Unidad de Nefrología. 2Laboratorio de Microbiología, UDIAT. Centro Diagnóstico. Corporación Parc Taulí. Sabadell.
3Departamento
de Genética y Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. 4Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital de Sant Pau.
Barcelona. 5Unidad
de Radiología Intervencionista. UDIAT. Centro Diagnóstico. Corporación Parc Taulí. Sabadell.
Recibido: 16-XII-2002.
En versión definitiva: 24-IV-2003
Aceptado: 28-IV-2003.
Correspondencia: Dr. A. Rodríguez Jornet
Unidad de Nefrología
Corporación Parc Taulí
Parc Taulí, s/n.
Apdo. de Correos 196
08208 Sabadell
NEFROLOGÍA. Vol. XXIII. Número 4. 2003
A. RODRÍGUEZ JORNET y cols.
334
INTRODUCCIÓN
El acceso vascular (AV) ha de estar disponible y
ser funcional al iniciar la diálisis con lo que se podrán
prevenir complicaciones, incluso morbi-mortalidad
posterior de los pacientes con insuficiencia
renal crónica terminal (IRCT) tratados mediante hemodiálisis
(HD) periódica1. Los injertos vasculares
ofrecen mayor incidencia de complicaciones trombóticas
y/o infecciones que las fístulas arteriovenosas
internas (FAVIs)2. En Europa y Japón se dispone
de una FAVI al inicio del tratamiento sustitutivo renal
con mayor frecuencia que en Estados Unidos, lo que
puede redundar en una mayor calidad dialítica en
los primeros respecto a USA3. Debe evitarse la cateterización
de venas centrales, especialmente de
venas subclavias para conseguir una buena y funcional
FAVi posterior, exenta de complicaciones
trombóticas. La cateterización de venas centrales no
está exenta de riesgos: fisuras arteriales, pseudoaneurismas,
hemo-neumotórax, etc.4, 5. Estas complicaciones
inmediatas a la colocación de los catéteres
disminuyen al ser realizadas bajo control ecográfico,
pero las tardías son las que condicionan las
posibles trombosis posteriores6, 7.
Los catéteres permanentes tunelizados (CPT) se
han relevado como una buena opción de AV, especialmente
en pacientes con un precario sistema vascular
en los que puede llegar a ser dificultoso el obtener
una buena FAVI o, incluso, un injerto vascular
interno8. Las infecciones son, junto a las trombosis
parciales, las complicaciones más frecuentes de los
CPT9, 10. Las infecciones por cocos gram-positivos,
especialmente estafilococos, son las más comunes y
las que pueden ser evitadas con medidas antisépticas
y preventivas eficaces9, 11-13, como la eliminación
de posibles portadores nasales de estafilococos14. Las
infecciones por bacilos gram-negativos (BGN) son
mucho más raras y normalmente obedecen a posibles
fuentes de contagio difíciles de detectar15.
En nuestra Unidad detectamos un brote epidémico
de infecciones por BGN, especialmente Enterobacter
cloacae, únicamente en pacientes portadores
de CPT y, especialmente de un tipo de catéter, lo
cual hizo retrasar el diagnóstico del origen de las
infecciones. Para determinar la procedencia de las
cepas de E. cloacae se aplicó la técnica de electroforesis
en campo pulsante (PFGE), método de tipificación
genotípico que ha demostrado ser una herramienta
útil y eficaz en el estudio de este
microorganismo frente a los métodos fenotípicos16-
18.
Translation - English NEFROLOGÍA. Vol. XXIII. Número 4. 2003
333
Epidemic outbreak of
gram-negative bacteraemias (GNB),
especially enterobacter cloacae, in a
dialysis unit, in patients
with permanent tunnelled catheters.
.
A. Rodríguez Jornet1, M. García García1, D. Mariscal2, D. Fontanals2, P. Cortés3, P. Coll4,
J. Falcó5,
N. Ramírez1, S. Mayor1, N. Mañé1, X. Miret1 y E. Yuste1
Nephrology Department. Microbiology Laboratory, UDIAT Diagnostic Centre Parc Taulí. Corporation 3 Departament
of Genetics and Microbiology Autonomous University of Barcelona. Microbiology Service. Hospital de Sant Pau.
Barcelona. 5
Interventionist Radiology Unit. UDIAT. Diagnostic Centre. Parc Taulí. Corporation Sabadell.
Received: 16-XII-2002.
Definitive version: 24-XII-2003.
Accepted: 28-IV-2003.
Correspondence: Dr. A. Rodríguez Jornet
Nephrology Department.
Parc Taulí. Corporation
Parc Taulí, s/n.
Postcode 196
08208 Sabadell
NEFROLOGÍA. Vol. XXIII. Número 4. 2003
A. RODRÍGUEZ JORNET et al.
334
INTRODUCTION
Vascular access must be available and
functional at commencement of dialysis in order to
prevent complications, including subsequent morbimortality
in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI)1 treated by
periodic haemodialysis. (HD) Vascular grafts
offer a greater incidence of thrombotic complications
and/or infections than arteriovenous fistulae
(AVFs)2.. In Europe and Japan an AVF is prepared
at commencement of renal replacement therapy
with greater frequency than in the United States, thus
benefiting from a higher quality of dialysis from
the start compared to the USA3. catheterization
of central veins, especially of
subclavian veins, should be avoided in order
to achieve a good, functional
AVF later on, free from thrombotic complications.
The catheterization of central veins is not
free from risks: arterial fissures, pseudoaneurisms,
haemo-pneumothorax, etc.4, 5. These immediate complications
at the time of insertion of the catheters
1 Translator’s note: In the original text, the term Insuficiencia Renal Crónica Terminal appears. Up to
the time of printing, the equivalent phrase of Chronic Terminal Renal Insufficiency was not found to be
used in English. As chronic renal insufficiency is terminal by its nature, it was felt to be acceptable to
substitute the more familiar Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) in all cases.
diminish when performed under echographic control,
but the resulting ones which subsequently emerge
expose the patient to the risk of
possible thromboses in the future.6, 7.
Permanent tunnelled catheters (PTCs) have
been presented as a good VA option, especially
in patients with a precarious vascular system
in whom it can be difficult to achieve
a good AVF, including an internal vascular graft8.
Infections are, along with thrombosis
the most frequent complications of
PTCs 9, 10. Infections by gram-positive cocci,
especially staphylococcus, are the most common and
those which can be prevented with aseptic measures
and effective prophylaxis9, 11-13, such as elimination
of possible nasal carriers of staphylococcus14. .
Infections by gram-negative bacteraemias (GNB),are
much rarer and are normally related to possible
sources of infection which are difficult to detect.15
In our unit epidemic outbreaks of GNB infections
Are detected, especially Enterobacter
cloacae, exclusively in patients with
PTCs and especially one type of catheter, which
has caused a delay in diagnosis of the origin of the
infections. In order to determine the origin of the
cultures of E cloacae, the technique of pulsed field
electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied,
a genotypical method of classification
which has been demonstrated to be a
useful and effective tool in the study of this
micro-organism compared with phenotypical methods16.
18.
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Translation education
Master's degree - Univ Swansea
Experience
Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: Jan 2006.
Tristana Rodriguez is a dual nationality (Spain / Great Britain) registered nurse of 20 years’ experience in a number of diverse specialist areas who has gone on to obtain a Masters’ degree in Translation with Language Technology after recognising the language skill deficit in the medical environment.
She has translated medical reports for agencies in France, the US and one of the major translation agencies in Bristol, UK. This is crucial work since these texts are often rejected by other translators due to the demanding nature of the work. In addition to the specialist knowledge, they require meticulous attention to detail and patience. Since these texts are often scanned-into PDF format they cannot be managed using Computer Assisted Translation Technology, and often consist largely of doctors’ handwritten notes, notorious for their poor legibility.
Keywords: Practising nurse specializing in medical, pharmaceutical and nursing texts
Expertise